Difference between the staphylococcus & streptococcus

  

 

 

 

DIFFERENCE      BETWEEN       THE STAPHYLOCOCCUS  &  STREPTOCOCCUS.

 

STAPHYLOCOCCUS

DEFINITION:

Staphylococcus is a group of bacteria.  It is gram positive bacteria. There are more than 30 types. A type called staphylococcus aureus causes most infections including: skin infections, respiratory diseases, food poisoning. Which are the most common infections.

STREPTOCOCCUS

DEFINITION:

Streptococcus is a spherical or ovoid shape & non motile & parasitic gram positive bacteria. It will cause human & animal infections: strep throat, and rash red skin with rough feel.  

 

 

 

S.NO

 

 

Character

 

Staphylococcus

 

Streptococcus

1.      

Cellular Arrangement

Spherical cells in clusters (grape like clusters).

Spherical or ovoid cells in chains or pairs.

2.      

Fission/Division

Irregular division in all three planes.

Division in one linear direction.

3.      

Catalase Test

Positive (Presence of catalase enzyme)

Negative

4.      

Halotolerance

Halotolerant. Can tolerate upto 8% salt concentration.

Inhibited by high concentration of salt.

5.      

Capnophile

No

Yes

6.      

Common Culture Media Used

Mannitol Salt Agar

Nutrient Agar

Blood Agar

7.      

Growth on Ordinary Culture Media

Possible

Not possible

8.      

Nutritional requirement

Simple

Complex (fastidious organism)

9.      

Colony morphology

2-3 mm in diameter, circular, opaque golden yellow colonies  (Staphylococcus aureus)

b-haemolysis ,1 mm, circular, tiny needle tip colonies (Streptococcus pyogenes)

10.   

Hemolysis

No hemolysis or beta hemolysis.

Either alpha,or beta or gamma hemolysis.

11.   

Species Number

About 40 staphylococcal species have been identified so far.

About 50 Streptococcal species  have been identified so far.

12.   

Differentiation into groups

By means of coagulase test.

By means of hemolysis pattern in Blood Agar and group specific cell wall polysaccharide (Lancefield grouping).

13.   

Species Differentiation

· Coagulase test

· Novobiocin sensitivity test

· Biochemical tests

· Type of hemolysis

· Cell wall carbohydrate group     (A, B, C, etc)

· Bile Solubility Test

· CAMPT Test

· Optochin Sensitivity Test

14.   

Normal Flora

Staphylococci are found mostly on the skin as commensals.

Mucosal membrane of human and animals. Mostly found in the oral cavity and respiratory tract.

15.   

Pathogens

Most of the Staphylococcal species are non-pathogens.

Streptococcus cause many diseases.

16.   

Pathogenic Species

1. Staphylococcus aureus,

2. Staphylococcus epidermidis,

3. Staphylococcus haemolyticus,

4. Staphylococcus hominis,

5. Staphylococcus saprophyticus, etc.

1. Streptococcus pyogenes,

2. Streptococcus agalactiae,

3. Streptococcus bovis,

4. Streptococcus  pneumoniae, etc.

17.   

Virulence Factors

Polysaccharide capsule, slime layer, teicholic acid, lipoteicholic acid, adhesive proteins, clumping factor, protein A, exoenzymes ( DNase, hyalurinidase, phosphatase, lipase, exocoagulase, fibrinolysin), enterotoxin, exfoliative toxin, cytotoxins(a-haemolysin b- haemolysin d- haemolysin g-haemolysin, Leukocidin)

Lipoteicholic acid, F-protein, capsule, exotoxin, streptolysin S and O (haemolysin), Exoenzymes (hyaluronidase ,DNase, streptokinase)

18.   

Diseases caused

Food poisoning,  bacterial conjunctivitis, skin diseases, community-acquired meningitis, Pneumonia, Surgical Site Infection, Wound infection,  impetigo, cellulitis, toxic shock syndrome, osteomyelitis and endocarditis.

Strep throat, Scarlet fever, Impetigo, Toxic shock syndrome,

Cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease), sinusitis, blood infections, pneumonia and meningitis in newborns.

19.   

Types of Symptoms

 

The symptoms of the Staphylococcal infections can include fever, chills, low blood pressure and red, swollen, tender pimple-like bumps.

The symptoms of a Streptococcal infection can include fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, rash, red and weeping skin sores, confusion, and dizziness.

20.   

Treatment options

Antibiotics like penicillin or methicillin if resistant. Vancomycin if MRSA.

Penicillin / penicillin V amoxicillin

 

STRUCTURE:

                                   STAPHYLOCOCCUS  SP.



 

 

STREPTOCOCCOUS  SP:



 

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